Microcontroller

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  • Microcontroller is a set of rules and regulation, which called a protocol. They are classified as Inter System Protocol and Intra System Protocol. 

Inter System Protocol: 

  • It communicates between two different devices. 
  • Example: UART, USART, USB 

Inter System Protocol: 

  • It communicates within circuit board elements. 
  • Example: I2C, SPI, CAN 

UART: (Universal Asynchronous Receiver and Transmitter) 

  • Serial Communication with two wired protocol. 
  • It’s transfers and receive data serial, bit by bit without cock pulse. 
  • UART takes bytes of data and send the individual bits in sequential manner. 
  • UART is a half-duplex protocol, which means transfer and receive the data but not at a same time. 
  • It has one start bit, 8-bit data and one stop bit. 
  • Example: E-mail, SMS, Walkie- Talkie 

USART: (Universal Synchronous Asynchronous Receiver and Transmitter) 

  • Serial Communication with two wired protocol. 
  • It’s transfers and receive data serial, byte by byte with clock pulses. 
  • UART is full-duplex protocol, which means transfer and receive the data at a same time. 
  • Example: Telecommunication 

USB: (Universal Serial Bus) 

  • Serial Communication with two wired protocol. 
  • To communicate with system peripheral and used to send/receive data serially to the host and peripheral devices. 1

I2C: (Inter Integrated Circuit) 

  • It requires only two wires (SDA & SCL) connecting all peripheral to microcontroller. 
  • To carry information between devices, SDA – Serial Data Line and SCL – Serial Clock Line. 
  • It’s a Master to Slave communication protocol. Each slave has a unique address to match with address sent by master by read/write flag. 
  • It transfers 8 bit and receive acknowledge reply one bit. 2